1. Dmitri Mendeleyev - Russian - Devised the Periodic table of elements. Predicted that several more elements would be discovered. 2.Antoine Lavoisier - French - Showed that air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Disproved the old Theory of phlogiston and determined the nature of combustion. Lavoisier wrote the first modern book on chemistry and explained the law of conservation of matter. 3.Henry Cavendish - English - Showed that water could be produced from two gases. Discovered hydrogen. 4. Amedeo Avogadro - Italian - First to distinguish molecules from atoms. Developed Avogadro's Constant (The number of particles of a substance in a mole). Studied the effect of combining volumes. 5. Jons Jakob Berzelius - Swedish - Developed the symbols for many of the chemicals. Calculated the atomic weights accurately of many of them and discovered Selenium, Silicon and Thorium. 6. John Dalton - English - Developed an atomic theory of matter and explained the laws of partial pressure. 7. Robert Boyle - Irish - Studied gases and showed how Pressure and volume at constant mass were indirectly proportional to one another. 8. Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Jacques Charles - Both French - Studied gases. Showed that gas volume at constant pressure increases with Temperature. 9. Friederich Wöhler - German - Father of Organic Chemistry. He was the first chemist to synthesize an organic compound, Urea. 10. Carl Scheele - Swedish - Co-discover of oxygen with Joseph Priestley. Also discovered chlorine, manganese and molybdenum. 11. Marie Curie - Polish - Isolated radioactive elements radium and polonium. 12. Josiah Gibbs - American - Founder of Chemical Thermodynamics. 13. Jacobus van't Hoff - Dutch - Thermodynamicist. He was one of the earlier chemists to speak about the 3-D nature of molecules. 14. Frederick Sanger - English - Biochemist. Revealed the Amino sequence for insulin. Worked out methods for determining the molecular structure of nucleic acids. Two time Nobel Prize winner. 15. Humphry Davy - English - Showed the connection between electrochemistry and the elements. Discovered the elements Potassium, Sodium, Barium, Calcium and Magnesium amongst others. 16. Joseph Priestley - English - Oxygen co-discoverer. See Scheele. 17. Henri Le Chatelier - French - Developed principle that every change in a stable chemical equilibrium will result in a shift in the direction of the equilibrium to reduce the effects of the change. 18. Frederick Soddy - English - Introduced the isotope theory of elements. 19. Svante Arrhenius - Sweden - Established modern electrochemistry. 20. Germain Hess - Swiss/Russian - Introduced Hess's Law for determining the heat of reactions. 21.Wilhelm Ostwald - Latvian - Discovered Dilution law. Invented process to make nitric acid by oxidizing ammonia. He also developed a theory of colour. 22. Daniel Rutherford - Scottish - Discoverer of Nitrogen. 23. Friederich Kekulé - German - Organic Chemist. Described the ring structure of benzene. 24. Stanislao Cannizzaro - Italian - Established the use of Atomic weights in Chemical formulas and calculations. 25. Linus Pauling - American - Applied Quantum Theory to determine Chemical Structure (especially of proteins). Showed how electrons effect the formation of molecules. 26. Johannes Brønsted - Danish and Thomas Lowry - English - Independently introduced the Brønsted - Lowry definition of an acid as something that donates a proton and a base as something that accepts a proton. 27. Leo Baekland - Belgian/American - Father of the Plastics Industry. 28. William Ramsay - Scottish - Co-discovered Argon with Lord Rayleigh. Was first to identify, helium, neon, krypton and xenon. 29. Henri Moissan - French - Isolated fluorine. Invented the electric furnace. Discovered carborundum and produced artificial diamonds in a laboratory. 30. Theodore Richards - American - Performed extensive work on atomic weights to reveal the existence of isotopes. 31. Dorothy Hodgkin - English - Crystallographer. Used x-ray crystallography to reveal the structure of such molecules as penicillin and insulin. 32. Thomas Graham - Scottish - Developed Graham's Law of Diffusion. Founder of Colloidal Chemistry. 33. Fritz Haber - German - Invented the process to make ammonia from nitrogen in the air. Known as the Haber process. Invention allowed Germany to continue making explosives after World War I ban in spite of the blockade on the importation of nitrates. 34. Irving Langmuir - American. High Temperature chemist. Work lead to the development of the tungsten lamp. Also studied gases. Research in this field would have practical implications with respect to the use of atomic hydrogen in welding torches. 35. Peter Debye - Dutch - Worked as well on molecular structure. Pioneered x-ray powder photography. 36. Harold Urey - American - Isolated Heavy water and discovered deuterium. 37. Paul Flory - American - Leading figure in the field of Polymerization. Studied properties of plastics, ribbers and fibers. 38. William Perkin - English - Chemist noted for his work on dyes. Invented mauve. 39. George Washington Carver - American - Agricultural chemist. Research involved the synthesis of products from peanuts, sweet potatoes and soybeans. 40. François Raoult - French - Developed law which relates vapor pressure of a solution to the number of molecules of solute dissolved in it.
Sunday, August 9, 2009
Great Chemists
1. Dmitri Mendeleyev - Russian - Devised the Periodic table of elements. Predicted that several more elements would be discovered. 2.Antoine Lavoisier - French - Showed that air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Disproved the old Theory of phlogiston and determined the nature of combustion. Lavoisier wrote the first modern book on chemistry and explained the law of conservation of matter. 3.Henry Cavendish - English - Showed that water could be produced from two gases. Discovered hydrogen. 4. Amedeo Avogadro - Italian - First to distinguish molecules from atoms. Developed Avogadro's Constant (The number of particles of a substance in a mole). Studied the effect of combining volumes. 5. Jons Jakob Berzelius - Swedish - Developed the symbols for many of the chemicals. Calculated the atomic weights accurately of many of them and discovered Selenium, Silicon and Thorium. 6. John Dalton - English - Developed an atomic theory of matter and explained the laws of partial pressure. 7. Robert Boyle - Irish - Studied gases and showed how Pressure and volume at constant mass were indirectly proportional to one another. 8. Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Jacques Charles - Both French - Studied gases. Showed that gas volume at constant pressure increases with Temperature. 9. Friederich Wöhler - German - Father of Organic Chemistry. He was the first chemist to synthesize an organic compound, Urea. 10. Carl Scheele - Swedish - Co-discover of oxygen with Joseph Priestley. Also discovered chlorine, manganese and molybdenum. 11. Marie Curie - Polish - Isolated radioactive elements radium and polonium. 12. Josiah Gibbs - American - Founder of Chemical Thermodynamics. 13. Jacobus van't Hoff - Dutch - Thermodynamicist. He was one of the earlier chemists to speak about the 3-D nature of molecules. 14. Frederick Sanger - English - Biochemist. Revealed the Amino sequence for insulin. Worked out methods for determining the molecular structure of nucleic acids. Two time Nobel Prize winner. 15. Humphry Davy - English - Showed the connection between electrochemistry and the elements. Discovered the elements Potassium, Sodium, Barium, Calcium and Magnesium amongst others. 16. Joseph Priestley - English - Oxygen co-discoverer. See Scheele. 17. Henri Le Chatelier - French - Developed principle that every change in a stable chemical equilibrium will result in a shift in the direction of the equilibrium to reduce the effects of the change. 18. Frederick Soddy - English - Introduced the isotope theory of elements. 19. Svante Arrhenius - Sweden - Established modern electrochemistry. 20. Germain Hess - Swiss/Russian - Introduced Hess's Law for determining the heat of reactions. 21.Wilhelm Ostwald - Latvian - Discovered Dilution law. Invented process to make nitric acid by oxidizing ammonia. He also developed a theory of colour. 22. Daniel Rutherford - Scottish - Discoverer of Nitrogen. 23. Friederich Kekulé - German - Organic Chemist. Described the ring structure of benzene. 24. Stanislao Cannizzaro - Italian - Established the use of Atomic weights in Chemical formulas and calculations. 25. Linus Pauling - American - Applied Quantum Theory to determine Chemical Structure (especially of proteins). Showed how electrons effect the formation of molecules. 26. Johannes Brønsted - Danish and Thomas Lowry - English - Independently introduced the Brønsted - Lowry definition of an acid as something that donates a proton and a base as something that accepts a proton. 27. Leo Baekland - Belgian/American - Father of the Plastics Industry. 28. William Ramsay - Scottish - Co-discovered Argon with Lord Rayleigh. Was first to identify, helium, neon, krypton and xenon. 29. Henri Moissan - French - Isolated fluorine. Invented the electric furnace. Discovered carborundum and produced artificial diamonds in a laboratory. 30. Theodore Richards - American - Performed extensive work on atomic weights to reveal the existence of isotopes. 31. Dorothy Hodgkin - English - Crystallographer. Used x-ray crystallography to reveal the structure of such molecules as penicillin and insulin. 32. Thomas Graham - Scottish - Developed Graham's Law of Diffusion. Founder of Colloidal Chemistry. 33. Fritz Haber - German - Invented the process to make ammonia from nitrogen in the air. Known as the Haber process. Invention allowed Germany to continue making explosives after World War I ban in spite of the blockade on the importation of nitrates. 34. Irving Langmuir - American. High Temperature chemist. Work lead to the development of the tungsten lamp. Also studied gases. Research in this field would have practical implications with respect to the use of atomic hydrogen in welding torches. 35. Peter Debye - Dutch - Worked as well on molecular structure. Pioneered x-ray powder photography. 36. Harold Urey - American - Isolated Heavy water and discovered deuterium. 37. Paul Flory - American - Leading figure in the field of Polymerization. Studied properties of plastics, ribbers and fibers. 38. William Perkin - English - Chemist noted for his work on dyes. Invented mauve. 39. George Washington Carver - American - Agricultural chemist. Research involved the synthesis of products from peanuts, sweet potatoes and soybeans. 40. François Raoult - French - Developed law which relates vapor pressure of a solution to the number of molecules of solute dissolved in it.
Saturday, August 8, 2009
A serious note about heart attacks
HEART ATTACK PROCEDURE': (THIS IS NOT A JOKE!)
Women should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting. Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line. You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack . Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms. Sixty percent of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up. Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know the better chance we could survive...
Let's say it's 6.15 pm and you're driving home. Suddenly you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to radiate out into your arm and up into your jaw. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home. Unfortunately you don't know if you'll be able to make it that far. You have been trained in CPR, but the guy that taught the course did not tell you how to perform it on yourself.
'HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN ALONE':
Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, without help, the person whose heart is beating improperly and who begins to feel faint, has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness.
However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest.
A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again.
Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. This allows the heart attack victim to get to a hospital.
The saving grace of fruits
We all think eating fruits means just buying fruits, cutting it and just popping it into our mouths. It's not as easy as you think. It's important to know how and when to eat.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! * FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH .
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD.
Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid. The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil.
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining - every time I eat water-melon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet etc - actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will not happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene - the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this??
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! * FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH .
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD.
Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid. The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil.
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining - every time I eat water-melon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet etc - actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will not happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene - the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this??
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
The saving grace of fruits
We all think eating fruits means just buying fruits, cutting it and just popping it into our mouths. It's not as easy as you think. It's important to know how and when to eat.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! * FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH .
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD.
Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid. The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil.
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining - every time I eat water-melon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet etc - actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will not happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene - the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this??
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! * FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH .
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD.
Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid. The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil.
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining - every time I eat water-melon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet etc - actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will not happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene - the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this??
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine.. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
Cramming Essentials
Help! I am half way into the course and still have no clue." Rest assured that we've got you covered in this situation. It is never too late to start a simple and effective way to study, even if you are closing in on the final. We do not encourage cramming at the last minute. The easier formula to success is to keep up - not catch up.
Granted, this happens! What do you do if you are down to the wire and have no choice but to try to stuff a lot of material into your head in a very short time? You have to cram, of course. Cramming is not a study strategy but rather a Band-Aid to save you from disaster. After it is all over, you will have to relearn the same material.
If you do fall behind but are willing to put in extra effort to make it up, just follow the simple steps below and you will do fine for the rest of the course. The goal of cramming is to create a set of super concentrated study sheets and focus most of your time reciting them.
How to Cram Step-by-Step:
For those crammers, you may want to put out extra effort in the last 2-3 days prior to the exam, but avoid at all cost cramming the final night. All your efforts may be wasted if you feel tired or mentally exhausted during the exam, which will block off your knowledge retrieval process. This is particularly true for crammers since cramming only puts information into your short-term memory.
Here are the steps:
Step 1: Get the Lecture Notes: If you have not attended all the lectures, get a decent set of lecture notes from your pal, or buy them from the note-taker if you have to.
Step 2: Rewrite the Lecture Notes: If you still have time, rewrite the notes into yours using the PhysMastery Lecture Notes. If you are cramming for the midterms or finals and running out of time, skip this step.
Step 3: Create the Cheat Sheets: Get a few blank pages. Go to your study zone and lay out the notes and the text side-by-side. One chapter at a time, write down all the key concepts, facts, formulas and equations onto a single cheat sheet. Be selective in what you record and limit your coverage. As needed, use your text to further your understanding by quickly reading the explanation and walking through the examples.
Step 4: Over Study the Cheat Sheets: After going through all the testing chapters, you should have a set of cheat sheets created from step 3. Study-study-study these cheat sheets. Say them out loud if you have to. Carry them with you so you can make the most of every spare minute you have.
If you have completed these four steps in the limited time you have, you should still be able to walk in and take the exam with confidence.
Rules of Cramming
I hope that you won't get yourself into the position that you must cram to survive. However, if you are running out of time to prepare for the upcoming exam, follow these simple rules:
Rule 1: Be Realistic and Practical: Cramming is not the best way to study so you need to set your expectations on how much you can accomplish. The key is to study enough to survive the exam and store what you know long enough to retrieve during the exam.
Rule 2: Study in Depth not Breadth: The most effective way to cram is to find out what topics are important and put all your efforts into them. Producing a concise study sheet will serve this purpose well.
Rule 3: Maximize Your Short-Term Memory: Deploy every memory method to cram the key terms into your short-term memory. Be sure to understand their concepts and applications.
Cramming is to make use of the short-term memory (STM), also known as working memory. It has a capacity limited to 5-9 items in a set, lasting 1-2 days. To be effective in storing information short-term, one method is called "chunking", where you arrange pieces of information into sets of meaningful clusters, which increases your capacity to remember.
To cram, focus on the essential - your cheat sheets.
Granted, this happens! What do you do if you are down to the wire and have no choice but to try to stuff a lot of material into your head in a very short time? You have to cram, of course. Cramming is not a study strategy but rather a Band-Aid to save you from disaster. After it is all over, you will have to relearn the same material.
If you do fall behind but are willing to put in extra effort to make it up, just follow the simple steps below and you will do fine for the rest of the course. The goal of cramming is to create a set of super concentrated study sheets and focus most of your time reciting them.
How to Cram Step-by-Step:
For those crammers, you may want to put out extra effort in the last 2-3 days prior to the exam, but avoid at all cost cramming the final night. All your efforts may be wasted if you feel tired or mentally exhausted during the exam, which will block off your knowledge retrieval process. This is particularly true for crammers since cramming only puts information into your short-term memory.
Here are the steps:
Step 1: Get the Lecture Notes: If you have not attended all the lectures, get a decent set of lecture notes from your pal, or buy them from the note-taker if you have to.
Step 2: Rewrite the Lecture Notes: If you still have time, rewrite the notes into yours using the PhysMastery Lecture Notes. If you are cramming for the midterms or finals and running out of time, skip this step.
Step 3: Create the Cheat Sheets: Get a few blank pages. Go to your study zone and lay out the notes and the text side-by-side. One chapter at a time, write down all the key concepts, facts, formulas and equations onto a single cheat sheet. Be selective in what you record and limit your coverage. As needed, use your text to further your understanding by quickly reading the explanation and walking through the examples.
Step 4: Over Study the Cheat Sheets: After going through all the testing chapters, you should have a set of cheat sheets created from step 3. Study-study-study these cheat sheets. Say them out loud if you have to. Carry them with you so you can make the most of every spare minute you have.
If you have completed these four steps in the limited time you have, you should still be able to walk in and take the exam with confidence.
Rules of Cramming
I hope that you won't get yourself into the position that you must cram to survive. However, if you are running out of time to prepare for the upcoming exam, follow these simple rules:
Rule 1: Be Realistic and Practical: Cramming is not the best way to study so you need to set your expectations on how much you can accomplish. The key is to study enough to survive the exam and store what you know long enough to retrieve during the exam.
Rule 2: Study in Depth not Breadth: The most effective way to cram is to find out what topics are important and put all your efforts into them. Producing a concise study sheet will serve this purpose well.
Rule 3: Maximize Your Short-Term Memory: Deploy every memory method to cram the key terms into your short-term memory. Be sure to understand their concepts and applications.
Cramming is to make use of the short-term memory (STM), also known as working memory. It has a capacity limited to 5-9 items in a set, lasting 1-2 days. To be effective in storing information short-term, one method is called "chunking", where you arrange pieces of information into sets of meaningful clusters, which increases your capacity to remember.
To cram, focus on the essential - your cheat sheets.
Friday, August 7, 2009
The KUDO,S method of solving chemical problems
Have you ever used the KUDOS method to solve chemistry word problems? For any chemistry problems that involve calculations, approach them as solving math problems with unit consideration.
Note: Today's tip is a big longer than usual, since I want to take the time to explain how you solve chemistry problem effectively. This is one of most challenges students face.
Here is my simple five-step K-U-D-O-S method for solving chemistry word problems:
Step 1: "K"nown
Read the problem carefully in its entirety. Write down what is given, translated into mathematical form with units. For example, "The reaction occurs at STP" becomes, "P=1 atm, and T=273.15K" (since STP stands for standard pressure and temperature). Look for implied relationships too. If a 100 grams of binary compound AB is 25% by mass for element A, this implies that there is 75% or 75g in B.
If a reaction is involved, write out the chemical equation and don't forget to balance it.
Step 2: "U"nknown
Write down the unknown in the mathematical form: For example, V=? ml. Complete the equation with the unit you are seeking to make clear what to solve in the problem.
Step 3: "D"efinition
Define the physical equation or formula that relates the unknown quantity to the known quantities (PV=nRT). Rearrange the equation so that the unknown is alone on the left side and all the known quantities are on the right side.
Check to make sure you have sufficient data for the selected equation. If not, look elsewhere. Some might require you to get the values from a table of data or the Periodic Table. Again, write them down with the units.
Often, the solution to a problem will involve the use of two or more equations. Solve these symbolically first, before going to Step 4 and entering data. Alternately, you could also plug in the data to solve one equation at a time. Show all the algebra steps clearly for full credit.
If you still don't have enough known data for the defined equation, you might want to use a different equation, or the same equation in a different form.
Step 4: "O"utput
Perform the calculation or derivation to output the result (the Unknown). Plug in the Knowns. These include the constants needed with the proper units and the conversion factors that convert all known quantities needed to proper units required for the equation. Put everything together and solve the equation. Plug in all the known quantities and constants with the units. Calculate the results and run the dimension analysis to assure the proper end unit of the answer. State the answer clearly with its unit and proper significant figure.
Step 5: "S"ubstantiation
Substantiate your result (Output) with a 1-2-3 Check:
- Check its validity.
- Check its unit.
- Check its significant figures.
The KUDOS method is a systematic, yet simple approach. I have created a step-by-step problem solving template for you to fill in the blanks and follow through. The Chemistry Survival Guide also provides an illustration of how to solve a typical chemistry problem using the KUDOS template. In addition, I have create an 20-minute movie to explain this problem-solving method, example after example, until you GET IT. It is available from our chemistry coaching students.
Chemistry problems have patterns, so solving them requires a system to identify and follow these patterns. The KUDOS method introduced here will allow you to unlock the patterns in a logical sequence.
KUDOS to you for reading this article in its entirety. Until next time, give your homework and exams a KUDOS!
Note: Today's tip is a big longer than usual, since I want to take the time to explain how you solve chemistry problem effectively. This is one of most challenges students face.
Here is my simple five-step K-U-D-O-S method for solving chemistry word problems:
Step 1: "K"nown
Read the problem carefully in its entirety. Write down what is given, translated into mathematical form with units. For example, "The reaction occurs at STP" becomes, "P=1 atm, and T=273.15K" (since STP stands for standard pressure and temperature). Look for implied relationships too. If a 100 grams of binary compound AB is 25% by mass for element A, this implies that there is 75% or 75g in B.
If a reaction is involved, write out the chemical equation and don't forget to balance it.
Step 2: "U"nknown
Write down the unknown in the mathematical form: For example, V=? ml. Complete the equation with the unit you are seeking to make clear what to solve in the problem.
Step 3: "D"efinition
Define the physical equation or formula that relates the unknown quantity to the known quantities (PV=nRT). Rearrange the equation so that the unknown is alone on the left side and all the known quantities are on the right side.
Check to make sure you have sufficient data for the selected equation. If not, look elsewhere. Some might require you to get the values from a table of data or the Periodic Table. Again, write them down with the units.
Often, the solution to a problem will involve the use of two or more equations. Solve these symbolically first, before going to Step 4 and entering data. Alternately, you could also plug in the data to solve one equation at a time. Show all the algebra steps clearly for full credit.
If you still don't have enough known data for the defined equation, you might want to use a different equation, or the same equation in a different form.
Step 4: "O"utput
Perform the calculation or derivation to output the result (the Unknown). Plug in the Knowns. These include the constants needed with the proper units and the conversion factors that convert all known quantities needed to proper units required for the equation. Put everything together and solve the equation. Plug in all the known quantities and constants with the units. Calculate the results and run the dimension analysis to assure the proper end unit of the answer. State the answer clearly with its unit and proper significant figure.
Step 5: "S"ubstantiation
Substantiate your result (Output) with a 1-2-3 Check:
- Check its validity.
- Check its unit.
- Check its significant figures.
The KUDOS method is a systematic, yet simple approach. I have created a step-by-step problem solving template for you to fill in the blanks and follow through. The Chemistry Survival Guide also provides an illustration of how to solve a typical chemistry problem using the KUDOS template. In addition, I have create an 20-minute movie to explain this problem-solving method, example after example, until you GET IT. It is available from our chemistry coaching students.
Chemistry problems have patterns, so solving them requires a system to identify and follow these patterns. The KUDOS method introduced here will allow you to unlock the patterns in a logical sequence.
KUDOS to you for reading this article in its entirety. Until next time, give your homework and exams a KUDOS!
The chemistry of relationships
Chemistry is usually mentioned when people talk about relationships, so much so that it has now amassed some negative reputation. Yet it is a fact that there is a strong connection between the subject and relationships. If chemistry works for you in your relationship, things can turn out wonderfully, as it can be a powerful force for good. The chemistry between you can either make or break your relationship. It is very helpful during the beginning of relationships and when facing difficult times.
Appreciating the way chemistry works
It is important to understand how chemistry works in order to avoid possible confusion. There is often a low and high point involved, and you won't always feel the same chemistry at all times. There are times when you will almost feel like exploding with emotions when you are with your mate. At other times, however, it may take a miracle to give even a hint of a spark. You should understand that the chemistry will change just as the emotions do.
There are a number of things that affect chemistry, examples of which are exhaustion, confusion, worry, anger, and doubt among others. When such factors do not interfere, the chemistry may be so strong that it may seem as if you should not be near a petrol tanker!
Does this mean that you are at the mercy of your chemistry as it changes without your control? No. You can take control of your chemistry to adjust it for good. Here are some things that will help you out.
Taking advantage of the physical part
When your chemistry is running low, you can re-ignite it by getting physical. You do not have to do anything great. Just a simple touch can work wonders in bringing back the spark in your relationship. Of course, this means that you will have to get physical in spite of how you feel.
Laugh with, not at
Laughter is great in heightening the chemistry between you and your partner. However, it is not just a matter of laughing. If you laugh at your partner, things will get even colder. You should do things that will make you laugh together. Take part in things you both enjoy. Laughter helps in the release of stress thereby making you more positive. This opens the door for an outflow of chemistry that will enhance your relationship.
Staying open
You just won't be able to reach the great level of chemistry if you are not truly open with your partner. People are generally hesitant when it comes to fully opening their hearts, but you will need to do it in order to have a more intimate relationship. Being mysterious will just work against you in the long run.
Chemistry is important when you want to get back with your ex. You need watch this FREE video by visiting The Magic of Making Up. It is full of helpful advice and step-by-step instructions to help you restart your real life relationship.
Appreciating the way chemistry works
It is important to understand how chemistry works in order to avoid possible confusion. There is often a low and high point involved, and you won't always feel the same chemistry at all times. There are times when you will almost feel like exploding with emotions when you are with your mate. At other times, however, it may take a miracle to give even a hint of a spark. You should understand that the chemistry will change just as the emotions do.
There are a number of things that affect chemistry, examples of which are exhaustion, confusion, worry, anger, and doubt among others. When such factors do not interfere, the chemistry may be so strong that it may seem as if you should not be near a petrol tanker!
Does this mean that you are at the mercy of your chemistry as it changes without your control? No. You can take control of your chemistry to adjust it for good. Here are some things that will help you out.
Taking advantage of the physical part
When your chemistry is running low, you can re-ignite it by getting physical. You do not have to do anything great. Just a simple touch can work wonders in bringing back the spark in your relationship. Of course, this means that you will have to get physical in spite of how you feel.
Laugh with, not at
Laughter is great in heightening the chemistry between you and your partner. However, it is not just a matter of laughing. If you laugh at your partner, things will get even colder. You should do things that will make you laugh together. Take part in things you both enjoy. Laughter helps in the release of stress thereby making you more positive. This opens the door for an outflow of chemistry that will enhance your relationship.
Staying open
You just won't be able to reach the great level of chemistry if you are not truly open with your partner. People are generally hesitant when it comes to fully opening their hearts, but you will need to do it in order to have a more intimate relationship. Being mysterious will just work against you in the long run.
Chemistry is important when you want to get back with your ex. You need watch this FREE video by visiting The Magic of Making Up. It is full of helpful advice and step-by-step instructions to help you restart your real life relationship.
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